Potential application of immunotherapy for modulation of pulp inflammation: opportunities for vital pulp treatment

Caries results in the demineralization and destruction of enamel dentine, as disease progresses, irreversible pulpitis can occur. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is directed towards preservation prevention progression inflammation. The outcomes VPT are not always predictable, there often a poor correlation between clinical signs symptoms, events occurring at molecular level. inflamed expresses increased levels cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 IL-23, which recruit drive complex cellular immune response. Chronic inflammation sustained cytokine release result damage decreased capacity for tissue healing. Other chronic inflammatory diseases, such psoriasis, bowel diseases rheumatoid arthritis, also characterized by an dysregulated response composed relatively high numbers cells along with microbial hard–soft destructive pathologies. Whilst anti-cytokine therapies have been successfully applied treatment these this approach yet to be attempted cases This review therefore focuses on similarities aetiology pulpitis, explores how could manage facilitate Further proof-of-concept studies trials justified determine effectiveness treatments enable more predictable VPT.